一 | JERUSALEM -- Deadly violence has been surging in the West Bank as the Israeli military pursues Palestinian militants in the aftermath of the Hamas attack from Gaza, with at least 90 Palestinians killed in the Israeli-occupied territory in the past two weeks, mainly in clashes with Israeli troops.The violence threatens to open another front in the 2-week-old war, and puts pressure on the internationally recognized Palestinian Authority, which administers parts of the West Bank and is deeply unpopular among Palestinians, in large part because it cooperates with Israel on security matters. The tally includes five Palestinians killed in separate incidents on Sunday, including two who died in an airstrike on a mosque in the volatile Jenin refugee camp that Israel said was being used by militants. Israel carried out an airstrike during a battle in another West Bank refugee camp last week, in which 13 Palestinians, including five minors, and a member of Israel's paramilitary Border Police were killed. Israel rarely uses air power in the occupied West Bank, even as it has bombarded Hamas-ruled Gaza since the militant group stormed across the border on Oct. 7. More than 1,400 people have been killed in Israel since the war began, mostly civilians killed in the initial Hamas assault. The Hamas-run Health Ministry in Gaza says over 4,300 Palestinians have been killed. The Palestinian Health Ministry in the West Bank says 90 Palestinians have been killed there since Oct. 7, a dramatic jump from 197, according to an Associated Press count, from the start of the year until the Hamas attack. In addition to the raids, Palestinians have been killed in violent anti-Israel protests and in some instances in attacks by Jewish settlers.Israel clamped down on the territory immediately after the Hamas assault, closing crossings and checkpoints between Palestinian towns. Israel says its forces have detained over 700 suspects in the West Bank, including 480 members of Hamas, since the start of hostilities.Israel’s resumption of aerial attacks — which in a July operation in Jenin reached a level of intensity not seen since the Palestinian uprising against Israel two decades ago — suggests a shift in military tactics.The military described the Al-Ansar Mosque in Jenin as a militant compound belonging to Hamas and Islamic Jihad, a smaller and more radical Palestinian militant group. It said the militants had carried out several attacks in recent months and were planning another imminent assault.The intensified violence follows more than a year of escalating raids and arrests in the West Bank and deadly Palestinian attacks on Israelis.Israel captured the West Bank, along with Gaza and east Jerusalem, in the 1967 war. The Palestinians want all three territories for a future state. Over 500,000 Israelis live in settlements across the West Bank that most of the international community considers illegal, while the territory's more than 2.5 million Palestinians live under Israeli military rule.The Palestinians view the settlements as the greatest obstacle to resolving the conflict with Israel. The last serious and substantive peace talks broke down over a decade ago. Settler violence against Palestinians has also intensified since the Hamas attack. At least five Palestinians have been killed by settlers, according to Palestinian authorities, and rights groups say settlers have torched cars and attacked several small Bedouin communities, forcing them to evacuate to other areas.The West Bank Protection Consortium, a coalition of non-governmental organizations and donor countries, including the European Union, says at least 470 Palestinians have been forcibly displaced in the West Bank due to settler violence since Oct. 7. That's in addition to over 1,100 displaced since 2022. ___Associated Press writer Joseph Krauss contributed to this report.。 8 月 24 日消息，据外媒 Phys.org 今天（24 日）报道，卡迪夫大学和墨尔本大学的一项新研究发现，生成式人工智能（GenAI）目前还无法像人类教师一样可靠地评判学生的书面作业。
二 | 研究人员使用 ChatGPT 的两个版本，对 50 篇生物科学专业本科生论文进行评分，以测试大模型评估学生作业的能力。ChatGPT 需要按照 7 项标准批改这些论文，研究人员还采用了 4 种不同的提示方式，随后将大模型与人工评分的平均分和分数波动情况进行比较。图源：Pexels卡迪夫大学生物科学学院威廉 · 凯博士指出：“研究结果显示，模型给出的分数波动很大，无法准确预测人工评分。生成式 AI 与人类批改同一批论文时存在明显差异。只看论文总分，两者给出的结果相对接近；一旦具体到每项评分标准和每一篇论文，大模型与人工评分之间的差距就相当明显。
三 | ”除一种情况外，AI 模型给出的平均分普遍高于人工评分。
四 | 平均分方面，AI 模型与人工评分的最大差距达到 16.1 分；具体到单篇论文，最大差距达到 40 分。
五 | 获悉，威廉 · 凯还发现，AI 往往会压低高分论文的成绩，又把低分作业的成绩抬高，最终使分数系统性地向中间集中。研究结果说明，至少现阶段，即使经过大量训练，AI 仍无法可靠地对主观性较强的书面作业给出与人类相当的分数。
六 | “我们测试的大模型目前并不适合取代教师，为学生预测作业成绩。
七 | ”研究人员指出，高等教育领域确实很关注大模型能否利用模式识别能力，让学生作业评分更加客观，同时提高批改效率、减轻教职人员压力。但这项研究表明，目前并不适合这么做。此外，未经学生明确同意便把作业提交给 AI 工具，本身还涉及伦理问题；大模型也不能、也不应该被依赖来给学生的长篇书面作业评分。“随着大模型继续发展，未来模仿人类判断的能力可能会提高。但从这项研究来看，要让 AI 给出的分数与人工评分真正保持一致，恐怕并不容易。
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