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Highest-ranking Xia Dynasty noble tombs discovered in China, dating to the age of Minoan Crete_我的网站

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    Coffin chamber M13 Photo: Courtesy of the Shanxi Provincial Institute of ArchaeologyThe highest-ranking noble cemetery complex from the late Xia Dynasty (c.2070BC-c.1600BC) ever discovered has been unearthed at the Zhongcun site in North China's Shanxi Province, expanding research on Xia and Shang (c.1600BC-1046BC) civilizations and early state formation in ancient China, according to a press release that the local institute of archaeology sent to the Global Times on Monday.
Located on a hilly terrace west of the Taihang Mountains and flanked by the Songxi River, the site was excavated in 2024 and 2025 by the Shanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology and partner institutions, leading to the discovery of 18 tombs, including six Xia Dynasty burial sites and 12 Warring States Period (475BC-221BC) graves. 
"These are the highest-ranking Xia aristocratic tombs discovered so far, indicating that this location was a regional center," the institute said.
The Xia Dynasty is traditionally regarded as China's first hereditary dynasty, though contemporaneous written records are lacking.
The well-organized Xia tombs, concentrated in the western part of the cemetery, feature uniform east-west oriented vertical earthen pits. Researchers recovered nearly 40 sets of artifacts with distinctive local cultural characteristics, including pottery, lacquerware and turquoise ornaments. 
Extended regional surveys across the Songxi River valley yielded more than 10 Xia and Shang period sites. Test excavations at nearby relic sites unearthed pottery fragments, stone tools, bronze knives, as well as tin-bronze ingots and smelting residue, providing solid evidence of early metal mining and craftsmanship. 
Local copper-iron symbiotic ore deposits confirm exploitation of these resources during the Xia and Shang eras, while typical cultural artifacts found in adjacent counties reveal widespread regional cultural exchange.
Multidisciplinary analyses further decoded the civilization's features. Ancient human remains belong primarily to the ancient population of the Central Plains with minor Mongolian Plateau ­genetic traits, forming a stable patrilineal clan. The community relied on millet farming and maintained long-distance resource trade networks. 
Artifact provenance tests trace scallop shell ornaments to the Bohai Sea, cinnabar to Hunan-Guizhou ore belts, turquoise to the eastern Qinling Mountains area, and coffin timber to local Taihang pine trees. Such diverse materials reflect close interaction among the Taihang foothills, the press release noted.
Lab restoration unveiled refined ritual relics, including a dragon-patterned lacquer cylinder with red and black stripes and an intact lacquer gu vessel (a type of wine vessel). Turquoise plaques from the site match specimens from the Erlitou site, a core Xia cultural relic, proving ­cross-regional cultural interaction. Radiocarbon dating places the site's active period between 1880BC and 1450BC, aligning with the late Xia Dynasty.
Scholars confirmed the findings have helped reshape academic understanding of Xia-Shang civilizations and reconstruct multi-level settlement patterns on the western Taihang foothills, while offering new insights into social complexity and civilization development in early China.
。    今年以来，市司法局作为统筹推进法治建设的主责机关，在普法与依法治理工作中持续用力、奋发前行，抚顺市公民法治素养得到显著提升。如今，我市燃起了全民尊法、学法、守法、用法的新热潮，展现出法治建设的新风貌。         　　市司法局以“头雁效应”引领普法宣传工作，强化普法责任制落实，明确各级机关普法责任分工。

B | 通过开展抚顺市国家机关“谁执法谁普法”2024年度履职报告评议会，让普法工作更具实效性。党员干部群众学法用法制度不断深化，学法清单内容与时俱进，推动各行业学法用法常态化，普法工作在管理服务中实现深度融合，推动宪法精神和法治思想深入人心。         　　抚顺市司法局普法与依法治理科科长崔龙说：“市司法局以多元化创新工作为推手，全力推动媒体融合普法持续发力，不断优化《律师讲法》《普法小讲堂》等传统普法平台，新开辟的《抚小司说法》等原创短视频普法内容不断推陈出新，以更生动、更贴近群众的方式传播法律知识，形成品牌化普法宣传效应。

C | ”          　　近年来，全市法治文化阵地建设稳步推进，新屯法润万家主题广场等成为市民学法休闲的好去处，古田社区广场、南杂木广场将阵地建设向最基层延伸，营造出浓厚的法治氛围。依托 “三缘”“三情”优势，持续加强“法律明白人”培育，组织各类能力培训，提升其法治素养与业务水平。目前全市有4300余名“法律明白人”活跃在基层治理一线，成为法治宣传与矛盾纠纷化解的重要力量，为法治抚顺建设提供坚实保障。         　　抚顺市司法局普法与依法治理科科长崔龙说：“年终岁末，全市普法与依法治理工作在市法治建设委员会的坚强领导下、在市司法局党组的直接带领下，将以更加饱满的热情，更加昂扬的斗志，驰而不息投身全面振兴新突破的新征程，为建设更高水平的平安抚顺、法治抚顺贡献力量。”                     责任编辑：李丹。

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